The Right Tree in the Right Place – How We Developed Our Planting List

Selecting the right trees for planting requires careful consideration of their suitability for the environment. A tree’s ability to thrive depends on several factors, including site conditions and the purpose of the planting. By evaluating these elements, we can ensure that each species we choose will flourish and provide the intended benefits.

What We’re Planting

The Key Factors That Have Shaped the LIFE in the Ravines Species Planting List

1. Alternatives to Ash: Supporting Wildlife and Ecosystems

The decline of ash trees has significant consequences for the wildlife and plant species that depend on them. In the Peak District Dales, ash has long been a dominant species, offering food, shelter, and breeding sites for birds, small mammals, insects, and fungi. Some species are directly affected by the loss of ash, while others experience indirect impacts due to ecosystem changes.

To mitigate these effects, planting alternative tree species is essential. These substitutes help maintain crucial food sources and habitats, reducing the ecological disruption caused by ash dieback.

A Forestry Commission study evaluated 51 broadleaved species as potential replacements for ash (Click here to access study). Below are ten species that ranked highest in either providing similar habitat conditions or supporting ash-associated wildlife.

1a. Trees That Support Ash-Associated Species

Some species rely on ash trees for food, breeding, nesting, shelter, or hunting. Planting trees with similar characteristics can help protect these dependent species:

1b. Trees That Provide Similar Habitat Conditions

These species help maintain the woodland conditions necessary for wildlife that traditionally thrived in ash-dominated areas:

2. Restoring Woodland with Historical Replanting

Restoring woodlands to their natural state involves reintroducing tree species that historically flourished in the landscape. Before woodland clearance for mining and grazing, changes in climate and the devastating effects of Dutch elm disease, the Peak District Dales were home to a diverse mix of native trees.

For centuries, these woodlands were shaped by several species, including the four foundation species (Fig.4) However, when sections were cleared, fast-growing ash trees took advantage of the open space and rapidly expanded their presence. Over time, they became the most prevalent tree in the area, eventually covering 80% of the woodland sites.

3. Choosing the Right Site Conditions for Tree Growth

Ensuring a tree’s long-term success depends on selecting the right location based on soil, light, and existing vegetation.

3a. Soil Conditions

Soil composition plays a critical role in tree health. Each species has specific nutrient requirements and thrives in particular soil types. Understanding these needs helps ensure healthy growth.

3b. Light Availability

Sunlight exposure influences a tree’s ability to establish and grow. While some species thrive in full sun, others prefer partial shade. Assessing surrounding structures and nearby trees can help prevent shading issues.

3c. Existing Vegetation

Observing which species are already thriving on-site provides valuable insight into the local conditions. Planting species that naturally succeed in the area increases the likelihood of long-term survival.

4. Restocking Rates

Trees are planted at a stocking density of 1280 stems per hectare in 0.25-hectare coupes (320 trees per coupe). Meaning they are planted approximately 2 metres apart from each other. Planting at this density gives them enough space to grow well, whilst encouraging competition which increases growth rates.

5. Tree Availability from Nurseries

Tree availability can fluctuate due to factors such as poor seed harvesting seasons and weather conditions. As a result, some species may not always be in stock. When this happens, we can select an alternative from the planting palette (Fig.1) to ensure the planting plan remains effective.

Creating Resilient and Diverse Woodlands

As we move forward with replanting efforts, our goal is to create woodlands that are not only diverse and ecologically valuable but also resilient to future environmental challenges. By carefully selecting tree species based on habitat needs, historical presence, and site conditions, we can help restore and protect the natural landscapes of the Peak District Dales SAC.

Through thoughtful planning and informed species selection, we can ensure that these woodlands continue to support wildlife, provide essential ecosystem services, and remain a thriving part of the landscape for generations to come.